Male infertility is primarily caused by issues such as low sperm count, poor sperm motility, and abnormal sperm morphology, which can all reduce the chances of fertilisation. Hormonal imbalances, genetic disorders, and conditions like varicocele can also play a significant role. Infections, chronic health problems, and lifestyle factors, such as smoking, alcohol use, and poor diet, further contribute to fertility issues. Exposure to toxins, ageing, and sexual performance problems like erectile dysfunction can also negatively impact a man’s ability to conceive. Addressing these causes through medical guidance is essential for effective treatment.